Turbine.



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www lNvENTon B Y No. 888,180. PATENTED MAY 19, 1908. P. H. LINDNER.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APB. 29,1907.

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TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APB. 29,1901.

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ITNESSES.- wh@ No. 888,180. PATENTED MAY 19, 1908.

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FRANK H. LINDNER, oF BAYONNE, NEw JERSEY.

TURBINE Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 19, 1908.

Application filed April 29, 1907. Serial No.370i,763.

bines, its object being to produce a simple,

effective and balanced turbine adapted to multi-stage and compoundaction.

For this purpose my invention consists of a turbine in which'fa seriesof buckets crown a wheel disk or Wheel disks mounted upon a shaft, saidbuckets being adapted to receive at their tops a jet or stream of fluidfrom a directing port in close proximity thereto, divide the same, anddischarge` the streams laterally in opposite directions into exhaustchambers leading to and uniting in a chamber terminating in a succeedingdirectinor port or ports, and so on toward the :final exhaust.

The nature of my invention will be best understood in connection withthe accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of acompound turbine; Fig.`2 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 25 is asectional view taken on the line 3 3 Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a sectional viewtaken on the line 4 4 Fig. 1. Fig.5 is a partial sectional'view showingthe relative position of buckets, directing ports and exhaust ports.lFig. 6 is a section on the line 6 6 Fig. 9, -F ig. 7 is a section on theline 7 7 Fig. 9. Fig 8 is a partial sectional view showing the union ofthe side exhaust ports to form a directing port or ports. Fig. 9 is asection on the line 9 9 Fig. 7. Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 9, butshowing the fluid directed in the opposite direction. Figs. 1l to 25 areviews illustrating various buckets, the diil'eient transverse andvertical sec-- tions being taken at various parts of the bucket.

Similar characters of reference designate `corresponi'ling partsthroughout the several views.

ln the drawings, designates a wheel disk or disks adapted to rotate'with the shaft 2l journaled in suitable bearings of a frame 22.

In Figs. l to 4 l have illustrated the tui'- bine compounded, two wheeldisks being shown, the exhaust from one wheel disk being conductedthrough the chamber 23 to the second wheel disk. A casing 24 providedwith inlet ports 25 and outlet ports 26, incloses each wheel, and incase .of two or more wheels being used, the outlet ports of the iirstwheel are connected to the inlet ports of the next wheel and so on, thefinal exhaust leading to the atmosphere or into a suitable condenser.The wheels or disks under certain conditions may also be arranged to actseparately, so that one or more may be cut out when desired.

In the drawings, Fig. 4 shows a section of a disk Wheel acted'upon bystreams of fluid in six stages progressing around the disk in oppositedirections but all jets directed against the buckets in the samedirection. In Fig. 3 such a disk is shown com ounded with a second one,which may also e acted upon in a number of stages. ln Fig. 5 two seriesof eight stages of expansion are shown progressing in oppositedirections. However, l do not wish to confine myself to'the number ofstages of expansion shown in the drawings; 'and may also employ stagesprogressing in one direction only. l also do not wish to limit myself tothe number of disks compounded. n connection with the same I employ theusual devices for lubrication, regulation and packing.

Upon the periphery of the wheel disk or disks 20 is arranged a series ofbuckets 27 lpassing completely around the same as shown. These bucketsare shown in detail in Figs. 11 to 25. The buckets thus shown are formedto receive the jet or stream at their crowns discharging it'laterally;or receiving the jet or streams at the inlet ports 28 and discharging itlaterally in opposite direction through the exhaust ports 29, one oneach side of said buckets. I

The buckets are arranged to niove in an annular chamber of the casing 24and the top and sides of said bucket lit this chamber as closely aspossible without actual contact. Directing ports 30 )ass through thesaid casing connecting witfi the annular chamber at anacute angle to thetangent to it andthe buckets. Exhaust chambers 31 connect with the saidannular chamber at the sides of the buckets.

As shown in Figs. 1l to 25, the buckets are 4in the form of a 'bowlprovided with a central dividing wall extending from the tops of thebuckets to the bottom with increasing crossrw section downwardly,thereby gradually'dividmg the buckets into two channels beginof saidbuckets.

Vturbine com rises a rotating disk o`r wheel yis shown in Figs. 9 and 10respectively.

throughstraight or curved paths which may `ably circular, though theymay be made any through the exhaust ports.

ning at the inlet port and terminatingat the l exhaust port thusdividingr the stream and discharging it laterally.

The number of buckets receiving the fluid from the res ective directingports increases with the vo urne of the expanded fluid, the directingorts being preferably designed to cover at a l times more than onebucket.

The fiuid enters the turbine through an inlet 25 and is directed to theinlet ports 28 of the buckets 27 through the directing port or ports 30vplaced at an acute angle with the tangent to the buckets and close tothe tops U on entering the buckets through the top in ets 28 it isdivided and discharged laterally through the exhaust port 29 aftergiving its Vimpact or impulse to the buckets. After being dividedinto-'two lateral streams by the said buckets and discharged, the saidstreams pass into the exhaust chambers 3l one on 'each side of saidbuckets and open to the lateral exhaust ports. These exhaust chambers 31pass around as shown, and unite in a chamber 32 terminating in a seconddirecting port or ports which directs other jets or streams into thebuckets 27. This is continued in the-example shown around ap roximatelyone-half of the wheel disk 20, t ie directing ports and exhaust`chambers increasing in volume proportionately toy suit the rate ofexpansion. The fluid is finally exhausted at the chamber 26 to thechannel 23 leading to the next Wheel. A second jet or stream isshowndirected around the wheel disks upon the other half, also exhaustingfinally into the said chamber 26, the directing ports, however, beingarranged as shown to direct the jet or stream in the same direction asin the former series. This arrangement for directing these streams Fromthe foregoing it will be seen that my crowned wit a series of bucketsadapted to move within an annular chamber, as shown in the drawings,into which chamber lead directing ports in the form of nozzles whosefinal-direction'is at an acute angle with the tangent to the buckets atthat point. The nozzles may arrive at their f'nial direction belongitudinally convergent or divergent. The cross-section of thesenozzles is preferdesired shape. The'buckets receive the fluid therefromat their tops, divide the same and discharge it laterally in oppositedirections From these it is received by the exhaust chambers one at eachside of the buckets which chambers lead to a common chamber where thetwo streams are united and directed through the next succeeding port orports; and so on until final exhaust either into thel atmosphere or intoa suitable condenser.

A simple 'and inexpensive method of constructing the turbine is aordedby the method shown in the accompanying drawings. However, l do notconfine myself to the construction illustrated, but may employ any othersuitable forms.

The construction set forth provides for the convenient division of theexpansion into a number of stages upon one wheel disk; also for thecompounding of two or more such wheel disks mounted -upon a commonshaft.

- I thus obtain an engine capable of expanding the fluid in numerousstages and thereby obtain a correspondingly low peripheral speed of themoving arts.

The energy'eveloped and applied in this turbine produces no lateralthrust, and the moving parts are perfectly balanced. It is evident,however, that a turbine of this construction involves considerablemechanical losses but theseare in a measure' compensated for-by theperfect balance, simplicity of construction, compactness, and thecomparatively low peripheral speed ofthe disks or wheels.

The turbine is further adaptable for low pressure fluids`- making it esecially suitable for small power and portab e engines.

ln the foregoing the turbine `has been considere as a prime mover.However, by applying mechanical power to the shaft, using the exhaustports as inlet ports and the inlet ports as outlet ports, and a generalreversal of action, the construction will be e ually serviceable as ablower or compressor di elastic fluids; or as a pump, ejector orinjector for liquids. In my improved turbine the leakage between stagesis employed in succeedin stages, and the escape of energy at the finaexhaust is reduced to a small percentage of the initial energy.`

I claim:

1. In a turbine: "a wheel disk rotatably mounted; a series of bucketsupon the pe- 110 riphery of same; said buckets having top inlet andlateral exhaust orts; an annular chamber in which'said buckets move;directing ports directed to the tops of said buckets; exhaust chambersinconnection with said 115 annular chamber, the exhaust ports of saidbuckets being arranged to pass said exhaust chambers, and the lateraledges of said buckets passing in close roximity to the walls of saidannular cham er; and passages from 120 said exhaust chambers to the nextsucceeding directing port.

2. In a turbine: a wheel disk rotatably mounted;'a series of bucketsupon the eriphery of same; said buckets having top in et 1 25 andlateral exhaust ports; directing ports to direct a fluid into the topsof said buckets; and exhaust chambers at each side of said buckets toreceive the exhaust fluid. therefrom, said chambers leading from saidbuckets and 130 uniting in a chamber terminating in asucceedingndirecting port or ports, and so on toward al exhaust.

3, In a turbine: directing ports; exhaust chambers; and a series ofbuckets adapted to divide the fluid from said directing ports into twostreams exhausting into said chambers, which exhaust chambers unite toform a chamber terminating in a succeeding directing port or ports', andso on toward final exhaust.

4. In a turbine: directing ports; a series of bucketsreceivingfluidtherefrom; and a series of chambers to receive the discharge from saidbuckets and terminating in succeeding directing ports for the fluid,said buckets, chambers and directing ports alternately dividing thefluid into two streams from said buckets and uniting the same in onestream to said buckets,

5. In a turbine: two or more wheel disks mountedupon a common shaft;directing ports for a fluid; exhaust chambers; a series of buckets uponthe periphery of said disks, said buckets being adapted to V,receive anddivide the fluid from said directing ports dis- VY,charging thesamelaterally into said exhaust chambers, which exhaust chambers unite togential directing ports opening into said chamber; and aseries ofbuckets adapted to move in said chamber having their tops open andmovinglin close proximity to the adjacent surface of the chamberu saidtop being in the form of a sector Whose inner side is directed towardthe fluid, receiving thesame undivided, and the said buckets having acentral ridge beginning at or near the tops with gradually increasmgdimension toward the bottom and adapted to gradually divide, displaceand laterally direct a stream of fluid flowing from the said directingports.

Signed at New York in the county of New York and State of New York this24th day of April A. D. 1907.

Y FRANK H. LINDNER.

' Witnesses:

A. FABER DU FAUR',

FREDK. F. SCHUETZ.

